POZITIVNOST ETNIČKIH STEREOTIPA PREMA ETNIČKIM MANJINAMA KOD UČENIKA OSNOVNIH I SREDNJIH ŠKOLA U VOJVODINI
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Osnovni problem istraživanja je kako izgledaju stereotipi adolescenata prema pojedinim etničkim grupama koje žive na teritoriji Vojvodine, kao i kakva je direkcija tih stereotipa. Uzorak je činilo 804 učenika završnih razreda osnovnih škola i sva četiri razreda srednjih škola sa teritorije Vojvodine. Kao instrument za utvrđivanje stereotipa prema etničkim grupama koršćena je modifikovana verzija Kac-Brejlijevog postupka. Osim toga, procenjivana je i poređena pozitivnosti stereotipa prema različitim etničkim grupama. U istraživanju su ispitivani stereotipi prema pet etničkih grupa koje žive na teritoriji Vojvodine (Hrvati, Mađari, Romi, Albanci i Crnogorci). Rezultati pokazuju da postoje jasne stereotipne slike svih grupa, kao i da se pozitivnost stereotipa značajno razlikuje između njih. Najnegativnji stereotipi su utvrđeni prema Albancima i Romima, dok su stereotipi prema druge tri grupe pozitivniji. Utvrđene su razlike u pozitivnosti stereotipa u odnosu na pol (dečaci imaju negativnije stereotipe prema svim grupama, osim prema Crnogorcima gde nema razlike), uzrast ispitanika (razlike postoje samo kod stereotipa prema Romima-mlađi ispitanici imaju negativnije stereotipe) i kod interakcije ove dve varijable (samo kod stereotipa prema Romima nema razlike u odnosu na pol kod učenika srednje škole). Obrazovanje roditelja nije se pokazalo kao relevantan faktor pozitivnosti stereotipa.
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Mihić, V., Varga, S., Surla, L., & Karan, M. (2017). POZITIVNOST ETNIČKIH STEREOTIPA PREMA ETNIČKIM MANJINAMA KOD UČENIKA OSNOVNIH I SREDNJIH ŠKOLA U VOJVODINI. Годишњак Филозофског факултета у Новом Саду, 41(2), 305–322. преузето од https://godisnjak.ff.uns.ac.rs/index.php/gff/article/view/1886
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Психологија
Референце
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Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2013). Socijalna psihologija. Beograd: Mate.
Atanasović, Z. (2006). Ethnic Tensions-An Obstacle for Security in Kosovo. Western Balkans Security Observer-English Edition, 3, 33-37.
Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2004). Albanian emigration and the Greek labour market: Economic symbiosis and social ambiguity. South East Europe Review for Labor and Social Affairs, 1, 51-65.
Bar-Tal, D. (1993). Patriotism as fundamental beliefs of group members. Politics and the Individual, 3, 45–62.
Berscheid, E. , Boye, D. and Darley, J. M. (1968). Effects of forced association upon voluntary choice to associate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 709-718.
Biro, M. and Milin, P. (2005). Traumatic experience and the process of reconciliation. Psihologija, 38(2), 133-148.
Biro, M., Mihić, V., Milin, P. and Logar, S. (2002). Did socio-political changes in Serbia changed the level of authoritarianism and ethnocentrizm of citizens. Psihologija, 35(1-2), 37-48.
Clifton, A. K. McGrath, D. and Wick, B. (1976). Stereotypes of women: a single category? Sex roles, 2, 135-148.
Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Penić, S. (2014). Traumatised Selves: Does War Trauma Facilitate In-Group Bonding and Out-Group Distancing? In: D. Spini, G. Elcheroth & Corkalo Biruski, D. (Eds). War, Community, and Social Change: Collective Experiences in the Former Yugoslavia (pp. 137-153). New York: Springer.
Deaux, K. and Lewis, L. (1984). Structure of gender stereotypes: Interrelationships among components and gender label. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 991-1004.
Eisenberg-Berg, N. and Mussen, P. (1978). Empathy and moral development in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 14(2), 185-186.
Ekehammar, B. and Akrami, N. (2003). The relation between personality and prejudice: a variable- and a person-centred approach. European Journal of Personality, 17, 449-464.
Elcheroth, G., Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Spini, D. (2014). Conclusion - war and community : what have we learned about their relationship? In D. Spini, G. Elcheroth & Corkalo Biruski, D. (Eds). War, Community, and Social Change: Collective Experiences in the Former Yugoslavia (pp. 227-235). New York: Springer.
Endresen, I. M. and Olweus, D. (2001). Self-reported empathy in Norwegian adolescents: Sex differences, age trends, and relationship to bullying. In: A. C. Bohart and D. J. Stipek (Eds). Constructive & destructive behavior: Implications for family, school, & society (pp. 147-165). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Feshbach, N. D. and Roe, K. (1968). Empathy in Six- and Seven-Year-Olds. Child Development , 39 (1), 133-145.
Fishman, J. A. (1963). Nationality-nationalism and nation-nationalism. In: J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson and J. D. Gupta (Eds. ), Language Problems in Developing Countries. New York: Willey.
Franceško, M. , Mihić, V. and Kajon, J. (2005). Socijalna distanca i stereotipi o Romima kod dece novosadskih osnovnih škola /Social distance and stereotypes of Roma of primary school children in Novi Sad/. Psihologija, 39(2), 167-182.
Glick, P. and Fiske, S. (1999). The ambivalence toward men inventory: differenting hostile and benevolent beliefs about men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 519-536.
Glick, P., and Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22.
Herzfeld. M. (2007). Small-mindedness writ large: on the migrations and manners of prejudice. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(2), 255-274.
Kamenov, Ž., & Čorkalo, D. (1997). Mjerenje promjena nacionalnih stereotipa: Primjena metode SYMLOG-a. Društvena istraživanja, 6(2-3), 361-372.
King, R., Iosifides, T. and Myrivili, L. (1998). A migrant's story: From Albania to Athens, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1).
Kosterman, R. and Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257–274.
Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion. Transaction Publishers.
Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B., and Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: a peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 37-47.
McConahay, J.B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern racism scale. In: J.F. Dovidio and S.L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism. Orlando: Academic Press.
Mihić, V. and Mihić, I. (2003). Poznajem, prihvatam, poštujem- istraživanje etničke distance kod dece i njihovih roditelja /I know, I accept and respect – ethnic distance in children and their parents/. Psihologija, 36(2), 167-182.
Mihić, V. and Mihić, I. (2004). Kontakt hipoteza na delu-da li blizina znači i bliskost? /Contact hypothesis in action – does “close” mean “respect”?/ oral presentation at 52. naučno-stručnom skupu psihologa Srbije (Kopaonik 26-29.5. Book of abstracts, 50.
Milošević, L. (2004). »Srbi o drugima, društvena udaljenost Srba od pripadnika drugih naroda, nacionalnih manjina i etničkih grupa u jugoistočnoj Srbiji«, u: Ljubiša Mitrović, Dragoljub B. Đorđević i Dragan Todorović (ur.). Kvalitet međuetničkih odnosa, svest o regionalnom identitetu i mogućnosti saradnje i integracije na Balkanu. Niš: Sven, str. 95−112
Morrison, T. G. , Kenny, P. and Harrington, A. (2005). Modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women: assessing the viability of a measure of modern homonegative attitudes within an Irish context. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 2(2), 34-45.
Mummendey, A. and Otten, S. (2003). Aversive discrimination. In: R. Brown and S. Gaertner (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Integroup Processes. Oxford: Blackwell.
Nastran Ule, M. (1997). Temelji socialne psihologije. Ljubljana: Znanstveno in publicistično središče.
Nesdale, D. (2004). Social identity processes and children's ethnic prejudice. In: M. Bennett i F. Sani (Eds.), The Development of Social Self. New York: Psychology Press.
Ogris, G. (1996). Nationalismus in Ost- und Westeuropa. In: M. Lay and F. Gehmacher (Eds. ), Das Ende des Nationalismusm. Wien.
Petigrew, T. F. and Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudices in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57-75.
Petigrew, T. F. and Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783.
Petrović, N. (2003). Međusobni stereotipi Hrvata, Bošnjaka i Srba u svetlu dvofaktorske teorije predrasuda. Sociologija, 45(1), 15-32.
Popadić, D. & Biro, M. (1999). Austereotipi i heterostereotipi Srba u Srbiji. Nova srpska politička misao, 6(1-2), 89-109.
Puhalo, S. (2012). Razlike u socijalnoj percepciji etničkih grupa i pojedinaca kod učenika trećeg razreda gimnazija u Mostaru, Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu. Sarajevski žurnal za društvena pitanja, 1, 245-262.
Reidy, C. M., Taylor, L. K., Merrilees, C. E., Ajduković, D., Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Cummings, E. M. (2015). The political socialization of youth in a post-conflict community. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 45, 11-23.
Schwandner-Sievers, S. (2008). Albanians, Albanianism and the strategic subversion of stereotypes, Anthropological notebooks, 14 (2), 47–64.
Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96-102.
Turjačanin, V. (2004). Ethnic stereotypes among Bosniak and Serbian youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Psihologija, 37(3), 357-374.
van der Mark, I., van Ijzendoorn, M. H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2002). Development of Empathy in Girls During the Second Year of Life: Associations with Parenting, Attachment, and Temperament. Social Development, 11(4), 451-468).
Žolt, L. i Koković, D. (2005). Etnička distanca u Vojvodini /Ethnic distance in Vojvodina/. Sociološki pregled, 39(3), 251-264.
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2013). Socijalna psihologija. Beograd: Mate.
Atanasović, Z. (2006). Ethnic Tensions-An Obstacle for Security in Kosovo. Western Balkans Security Observer-English Edition, 3, 33-37.
Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2004). Albanian emigration and the Greek labour market: Economic symbiosis and social ambiguity. South East Europe Review for Labor and Social Affairs, 1, 51-65.
Bar-Tal, D. (1993). Patriotism as fundamental beliefs of group members. Politics and the Individual, 3, 45–62.
Berscheid, E. , Boye, D. and Darley, J. M. (1968). Effects of forced association upon voluntary choice to associate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 709-718.
Biro, M. and Milin, P. (2005). Traumatic experience and the process of reconciliation. Psihologija, 38(2), 133-148.
Biro, M., Mihić, V., Milin, P. and Logar, S. (2002). Did socio-political changes in Serbia changed the level of authoritarianism and ethnocentrizm of citizens. Psihologija, 35(1-2), 37-48.
Clifton, A. K. McGrath, D. and Wick, B. (1976). Stereotypes of women: a single category? Sex roles, 2, 135-148.
Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Penić, S. (2014). Traumatised Selves: Does War Trauma Facilitate In-Group Bonding and Out-Group Distancing? In: D. Spini, G. Elcheroth & Corkalo Biruski, D. (Eds). War, Community, and Social Change: Collective Experiences in the Former Yugoslavia (pp. 137-153). New York: Springer.
Deaux, K. and Lewis, L. (1984). Structure of gender stereotypes: Interrelationships among components and gender label. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 991-1004.
Eisenberg-Berg, N. and Mussen, P. (1978). Empathy and moral development in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 14(2), 185-186.
Ekehammar, B. and Akrami, N. (2003). The relation between personality and prejudice: a variable- and a person-centred approach. European Journal of Personality, 17, 449-464.
Elcheroth, G., Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Spini, D. (2014). Conclusion - war and community : what have we learned about their relationship? In D. Spini, G. Elcheroth & Corkalo Biruski, D. (Eds). War, Community, and Social Change: Collective Experiences in the Former Yugoslavia (pp. 227-235). New York: Springer.
Endresen, I. M. and Olweus, D. (2001). Self-reported empathy in Norwegian adolescents: Sex differences, age trends, and relationship to bullying. In: A. C. Bohart and D. J. Stipek (Eds). Constructive & destructive behavior: Implications for family, school, & society (pp. 147-165). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Feshbach, N. D. and Roe, K. (1968). Empathy in Six- and Seven-Year-Olds. Child Development , 39 (1), 133-145.
Fishman, J. A. (1963). Nationality-nationalism and nation-nationalism. In: J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson and J. D. Gupta (Eds. ), Language Problems in Developing Countries. New York: Willey.
Franceško, M. , Mihić, V. and Kajon, J. (2005). Socijalna distanca i stereotipi o Romima kod dece novosadskih osnovnih škola /Social distance and stereotypes of Roma of primary school children in Novi Sad/. Psihologija, 39(2), 167-182.
Glick, P. and Fiske, S. (1999). The ambivalence toward men inventory: differenting hostile and benevolent beliefs about men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 519-536.
Glick, P., and Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22.
Herzfeld. M. (2007). Small-mindedness writ large: on the migrations and manners of prejudice. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(2), 255-274.
Kamenov, Ž., & Čorkalo, D. (1997). Mjerenje promjena nacionalnih stereotipa: Primjena metode SYMLOG-a. Društvena istraživanja, 6(2-3), 361-372.
King, R., Iosifides, T. and Myrivili, L. (1998). A migrant's story: From Albania to Athens, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1).
Kosterman, R. and Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257–274.
Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion. Transaction Publishers.
Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B., and Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: a peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 37-47.
McConahay, J.B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern racism scale. In: J.F. Dovidio and S.L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism. Orlando: Academic Press.
Mihić, V. and Mihić, I. (2003). Poznajem, prihvatam, poštujem- istraživanje etničke distance kod dece i njihovih roditelja /I know, I accept and respect – ethnic distance in children and their parents/. Psihologija, 36(2), 167-182.
Mihić, V. and Mihić, I. (2004). Kontakt hipoteza na delu-da li blizina znači i bliskost? /Contact hypothesis in action – does “close” mean “respect”?/ oral presentation at 52. naučno-stručnom skupu psihologa Srbije (Kopaonik 26-29.5. Book of abstracts, 50.
Milošević, L. (2004). »Srbi o drugima, društvena udaljenost Srba od pripadnika drugih naroda, nacionalnih manjina i etničkih grupa u jugoistočnoj Srbiji«, u: Ljubiša Mitrović, Dragoljub B. Đorđević i Dragan Todorović (ur.). Kvalitet međuetničkih odnosa, svest o regionalnom identitetu i mogućnosti saradnje i integracije na Balkanu. Niš: Sven, str. 95−112
Morrison, T. G. , Kenny, P. and Harrington, A. (2005). Modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women: assessing the viability of a measure of modern homonegative attitudes within an Irish context. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 2(2), 34-45.
Mummendey, A. and Otten, S. (2003). Aversive discrimination. In: R. Brown and S. Gaertner (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Integroup Processes. Oxford: Blackwell.
Nastran Ule, M. (1997). Temelji socialne psihologije. Ljubljana: Znanstveno in publicistično središče.
Nesdale, D. (2004). Social identity processes and children's ethnic prejudice. In: M. Bennett i F. Sani (Eds.), The Development of Social Self. New York: Psychology Press.
Ogris, G. (1996). Nationalismus in Ost- und Westeuropa. In: M. Lay and F. Gehmacher (Eds. ), Das Ende des Nationalismusm. Wien.
Petigrew, T. F. and Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudices in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57-75.
Petigrew, T. F. and Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783.
Petrović, N. (2003). Međusobni stereotipi Hrvata, Bošnjaka i Srba u svetlu dvofaktorske teorije predrasuda. Sociologija, 45(1), 15-32.
Popadić, D. & Biro, M. (1999). Austereotipi i heterostereotipi Srba u Srbiji. Nova srpska politička misao, 6(1-2), 89-109.
Puhalo, S. (2012). Razlike u socijalnoj percepciji etničkih grupa i pojedinaca kod učenika trećeg razreda gimnazija u Mostaru, Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu. Sarajevski žurnal za društvena pitanja, 1, 245-262.
Reidy, C. M., Taylor, L. K., Merrilees, C. E., Ajduković, D., Čorkalo Biruški, D. and Cummings, E. M. (2015). The political socialization of youth in a post-conflict community. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 45, 11-23.
Schwandner-Sievers, S. (2008). Albanians, Albanianism and the strategic subversion of stereotypes, Anthropological notebooks, 14 (2), 47–64.
Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96-102.
Turjačanin, V. (2004). Ethnic stereotypes among Bosniak and Serbian youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Psihologija, 37(3), 357-374.
van der Mark, I., van Ijzendoorn, M. H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2002). Development of Empathy in Girls During the Second Year of Life: Associations with Parenting, Attachment, and Temperament. Social Development, 11(4), 451-468).
Žolt, L. i Koković, D. (2005). Etnička distanca u Vojvodini /Ethnic distance in Vojvodina/. Sociološki pregled, 39(3), 251-264.