HISTORICAL CAUSES AND SEMANTIC MECHANISMS OF THE FORMATION OF FALSE FRIENDS
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Abstract
Approaching the phenomenon of false friends from a diachronic perspective, this paper aims at shedding light on the roots of their formation. The author strives to offer an overview of the most common causes and semantic mechanisms behind false friendships. In order to present the reader with potential causes for the formation of false friendship between words of different languages, two leading causes have been discussed. On one hand, internationalisms of the same classical etymon are adopted with or develop different meanings in different languages, resulting in false friendships. On the other hand, linguistic borrowing can also lead to false friends, as loanwords may develop new meanings in the receiving language. Among the significant semantic mechanisms that trigger similar-looking words to drift apart in meaning are metaphor, metonymy, specialization, generalization, as well as amelioration and pejoration. The causes and mechanisms discussed in this paper are illustrated with numerous examples from various European languages. Ultimately, the study of false friends contributes to a deeper understanding of linguistic change and the dynamic relationship between languages over time.
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