A CRITIQUE OF PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS IN CURRENT CLASSIFICATIONS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
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personality disorders, social constructivism, adaptation problems, classification of mental disorders
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Abstract
The main goal of this review is to offer an alternative perspective for understanding the problems in human functioning, which in the current classifications are called personality disorders. Through the approach of social constructivism, as well as the through critique of the existing classification systems in a conceptual and methodological sense, a proposal was made to change the understanding of the diagnosis of personality disorders. A review of the research emphasized that the definition, determination and prevalence of normality in the domain of personality depends on both the culture in which normality is defined and the fit between the personality traits of a particular person and the culture in which he/she grew up or into which he/she migrated. The offered review of the research leads the authors in the direction of proposing a review of the understanding and definition of personality disorders as an adaptation problem. This term emphasizes the need to understand the broader aspect of origins, development and maintenance issues, but also offers many alternative ways to understand the approach to adaptation problems. In addition to conceptual problems, the paper also discusses the methodological problems of current classifications that indicate that they are unreliable, invalid, and do not meet the criteria of good classification.
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Lazic, M. M. A CRITIQUE OF PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS IN CURRENT CLASSIFICATIONS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY, 44(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.19090/gff.2019.1.115-129
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Психологија
References
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Blais, M. A., McCann, J. T., Benedict, K. B., & Norman, D. K. (1997). Toward an empirical/theoretical grouping of the DSM-III-R personality disorders. Journal of personality disorders, 11(2), 191-198.
Caldwell-Harris, C. L., & Ayçiçegi, A. (2006). When personality and culture clash: The psychological distress of allocentrics in an individualist culture and idiocentrics in a collectivist culture. Transcultural psychiatry, 43(3), 331-361.
Dimitrijević, A. (2009). Multiphrenia chronic (in obs), Psihijatrija danas, 41, 65-79.
Divac Jovanović, M., & Švrakić, D. (2016). Granična ličnost i njena različita lica: šta su poremećaji ličnosti? Beograd: Clio.
Friedman, C. T., & Faguet, R. A. (Eds.) (1982). Extraordinary disorders of human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Hall, J. R., & Benning, S. D. (2006). The “successful” psychopath: Adaptive and subclinical manifestations of psychopathy in the general population. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (pp. 459–478). New York, NY: Guilford.
Hwu, H. G., Yeh, E. K., & Change, L. Y. (1989). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Taiwan defined by the Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 136–147.
Ishikawa, S. S., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., & Lacasse, L. (2001). Autonomic stress reactivity and executive functions in successful and unsuccessful criminal psychopaths from the community. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 423–432.
Jansen, L. (2009). Classifications. Applied Ontology: An Introduction, 159-172.
Kim, Y. R., & Tyrer, P. (2010). Controversies surrounding classification of personality disorder. Psychiatry investigation, 7(1), 1-8.
Kleinman, A., & Good, B. (Eds.) (1985). Culture and depression. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10(1), 477-501.
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 553-564
Livesley, W. J. (1998). Suggestions for a framework for an empirically based classification of personality disorder. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(2), 137-147.
Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Using a general model of personality to identify the basic elements of psychopathy. Journal of personality disorders, 21(2), 160-178.
Martinez-Taboas, A. (1991). Multiple personality disorder as seen from a social constructionist viewpoint. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 4(3), 129-133.
Millon, T., Millon, C. M., Meagher, S., Grossman, S., & Ramnath, R. (2012). Personality disorders in modern life. Hoboken, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Moldin, S. O., Rice, J. P., Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L., & Squires-Wheeler, E. (1994). Latent structure of DSM-III—R Axis II psychopathology in a normal sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 259-266.
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Paris, J. (1996). Cultural factors in the emergence of borderline pathology. Psychiatry, 59, 185–192.
Paris, J. (1999). A diathesis-stress model of personality disorders. Psychiatric Annals, 29, 692-697.
Paris, J. (2007). The nature of borderline personality disorder: multiple dimensions, multiple symptoms, but one category. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(5), 457-473.
Paris, J., & Lis, E. (2012). Can sociocultural and historical mechanisms influence the development of borderline personality disorder?. Transcultural psychiatry, 50, 140-151.
Robins, L. N., & Regier, D. A. (Eds.) (1991). Psychiatric disorders in America. New York, NY: Free Press.
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2000). Factor analysis of the DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder criteria in psychiatric inpatients.American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 1629-1633.
Sifferd, K. L., & Hirstein, W. (2013). On the criminal culpability of successful and unsuccessful psychopaths. Neuroethics, 6(1), 129-140.
Smith, R. J. (1999). Psychopathic behavior and issues of treatment. New Ideas in Psychology, 17, 165-176.
Svrakic, D. M., Draganic, S., Hill, K., Bayon, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (2002). Temperament, character, and personality disorders: etiologic, diagnostic, treatment issues. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(3), 189-195.
Svrakic, D. M., Whitehead, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (1993). Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 991-999.
Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of general psychiatry, 58(6), 590-596.
Verheul, R., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). A meta-analysis of the prevalence and usage of the personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(4), 309-319.
Wachs, T. D. (2000). Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Wakefield, J. C. (2008). The perils of dimensionalization: Challenges in distinguishing negative traits from personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 379-393.
Widiger, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2000). Toward DSM-V and the classification of psychopathology. Psychological bulletin, 126(6), 946-963.
Wright, A. G., Hallquist, M. N., Morse, J. Q., Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., Nolf, K. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013). Clarifying interpersonal heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder using latent mixture modeling. Journal of personality disorders, 27(2), 125-143.
Zhong, J., & Leung, F. (2009). Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in China: Current status and future directions. Current psychiatry reports, 11, 69-73
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Ascoli, M., Lee, T., Warfa, N., Mairura, J., Persaud, A., & Bhui, K. (2011). Race, culture, ethnicity and personality disorder: Group Careif position paper. World Cultural Psychiatry Research Review, 6(1), 52-60.
Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2006). Snakes in suits: When psychopaths go to work. New York, NY: Regan Books.
Blais, M. A., McCann, J. T., Benedict, K. B., & Norman, D. K. (1997). Toward an empirical/theoretical grouping of the DSM-III-R personality disorders. Journal of personality disorders, 11(2), 191-198.
Caldwell-Harris, C. L., & Ayçiçegi, A. (2006). When personality and culture clash: The psychological distress of allocentrics in an individualist culture and idiocentrics in a collectivist culture. Transcultural psychiatry, 43(3), 331-361.
Dimitrijević, A. (2009). Multiphrenia chronic (in obs), Psihijatrija danas, 41, 65-79.
Divac Jovanović, M., & Švrakić, D. (2016). Granična ličnost i njena različita lica: šta su poremećaji ličnosti? Beograd: Clio.
Friedman, C. T., & Faguet, R. A. (Eds.) (1982). Extraordinary disorders of human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Hall, J. R., & Benning, S. D. (2006). The “successful” psychopath: Adaptive and subclinical manifestations of psychopathy in the general population. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), Handbook of psychopathy (pp. 459–478). New York, NY: Guilford.
Hwu, H. G., Yeh, E. K., & Change, L. Y. (1989). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Taiwan defined by the Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 136–147.
Ishikawa, S. S., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., & Lacasse, L. (2001). Autonomic stress reactivity and executive functions in successful and unsuccessful criminal psychopaths from the community. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 423–432.
Jansen, L. (2009). Classifications. Applied Ontology: An Introduction, 159-172.
Kim, Y. R., & Tyrer, P. (2010). Controversies surrounding classification of personality disorder. Psychiatry investigation, 7(1), 1-8.
Kleinman, A., & Good, B. (Eds.) (1985). Culture and depression. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10(1), 477-501.
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 553-564
Livesley, W. J. (1998). Suggestions for a framework for an empirically based classification of personality disorder. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(2), 137-147.
Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Using a general model of personality to identify the basic elements of psychopathy. Journal of personality disorders, 21(2), 160-178.
Martinez-Taboas, A. (1991). Multiple personality disorder as seen from a social constructionist viewpoint. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 4(3), 129-133.
Millon, T., Millon, C. M., Meagher, S., Grossman, S., & Ramnath, R. (2012). Personality disorders in modern life. Hoboken, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Moldin, S. O., Rice, J. P., Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L., & Squires-Wheeler, E. (1994). Latent structure of DSM-III—R Axis II psychopathology in a normal sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 259-266.
Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T., & Leistico, A. M. R. (2006). Psychopathy, empathy, and perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful psychopathy concept. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5(2), 133-149.
Patrick, J. (2006). Handbook of psychopathy. New York: The Guilford Press.
Paris, J. (1996). Social factors in the personality disorders: A biopsychosocial approach to etiology and treatment. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Paris, J. (1996). Cultural factors in the emergence of borderline pathology. Psychiatry, 59, 185–192.
Paris, J. (1999). A diathesis-stress model of personality disorders. Psychiatric Annals, 29, 692-697.
Paris, J. (2007). The nature of borderline personality disorder: multiple dimensions, multiple symptoms, but one category. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(5), 457-473.
Paris, J., & Lis, E. (2012). Can sociocultural and historical mechanisms influence the development of borderline personality disorder?. Transcultural psychiatry, 50, 140-151.
Robins, L. N., & Regier, D. A. (Eds.) (1991). Psychiatric disorders in America. New York, NY: Free Press.
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2000). Factor analysis of the DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder criteria in psychiatric inpatients.American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 1629-1633.
Sifferd, K. L., & Hirstein, W. (2013). On the criminal culpability of successful and unsuccessful psychopaths. Neuroethics, 6(1), 129-140.
Smith, R. J. (1999). Psychopathic behavior and issues of treatment. New Ideas in Psychology, 17, 165-176.
Svrakic, D. M., Draganic, S., Hill, K., Bayon, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (2002). Temperament, character, and personality disorders: etiologic, diagnostic, treatment issues. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(3), 189-195.
Svrakic, D. M., Whitehead, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (1993). Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 991-999.
Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of general psychiatry, 58(6), 590-596.
Verheul, R., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). A meta-analysis of the prevalence and usage of the personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(4), 309-319.
Wachs, T. D. (2000). Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Wakefield, J. C. (2008). The perils of dimensionalization: Challenges in distinguishing negative traits from personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 379-393.
Widiger, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2000). Toward DSM-V and the classification of psychopathology. Psychological bulletin, 126(6), 946-963.
Wright, A. G., Hallquist, M. N., Morse, J. Q., Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., Nolf, K. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013). Clarifying interpersonal heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder using latent mixture modeling. Journal of personality disorders, 27(2), 125-143.
Zhong, J., & Leung, F. (2009). Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in China: Current status and future directions. Current psychiatry reports, 11, 69-73