PROPERTIES OF I-BOUNDARY LENGTHENING OF VOWELS IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN
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pre-boundary lengtening, Intonantional Phrase (IP), prosodic word (PWd), prosody-syntax interface, English, Serbian, acoustic analyis
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Abstract
Phonological features which signal the right IP edge include boundary tones and pre-boundary lengthening. However, languages differ in the prominence of these features. While in English final information focus has significant F0 prominence on PWd immediately preceding I-boundary, Serbian primarily relies on durational cues to signal final information focus and, thus, the right IP edge. This research aims at analyzing the degree and scope of I-boundary lengthening in English and Serbian as well as examining whether there is a compensatory relation between F0 prominence and pre-boundary lengthening in these languages. The research is part of a larger-scale corpus study involving approximately one hour of read speech per language. Both English and Serbian speakers were professional newsreaders and the recordings were comparable in terms of articulation rate and recording quality. The acoustic analysis involved measuring the degree and scope of lengthening in trisyllabic PWds, which was done in the Praat programme (version 6.0.52). The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed. The results of the analysis primarily point to the differences in the scope of I-boundary lengthening in English and Serbian. While the scope of lengthening in Serbian affects the stressed vowel of IP-final PWd as well as all the vowels following it, English post-accented non-final unstressed vowels are skipped by this process. Accordingly, wider scope of lengthening might suggest slightly higher significance of this process in Serbian, which can further be interpreted as a compensation for low F0 prominence at the right IP edge in this language.
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Jakovljević, B. M. PROPERTIES OF I-BOUNDARY LENGTHENING OF VOWELS IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY, 45(5), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.19090/gff.2020.5.95-111
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References
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Berkovitz, R. (1994). Durational effects in final lengthening, gapping and contrastive stress. Language and speech, 37(3), 237-250.
Boersma, P. – Weenink, D. (2019). Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 6.0.52). Downloaded 2 May 2019 from http://www.praat.org
Byrd, D. – Saltzman, E. (2003). The elastic phrase: Modeling the dynamics of boundary-adjacent lengthening. Journal of Phonetics, 31, 149-180.
Cambier-Langeveld, T. – Nespor, M. & van Heuven, V. J. (1997). The domain of final lengthening in the production of Dutch. In: Coerts, J. A. & de Hoop, H. (eds.) (1997). Linguistics in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 13-24.
Campione, E. – Véronis, J. (2002). A Large-Scale Multilingual Study of Silent Pause Duration. In: Bel, B & Marlien, I. (eds.) (2002). Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002 conference. Aix-en-Provence: Laboratoire Parole et Langage. 192-202.
Chen, M. (1970). Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica, 22, 129-159.
Chow, I. (2008). Quantitative analysis of pre-boundary lengthening in Cantonese. In: Barbosa, P. A.-Madureira, S. & Reis, C. (eds.) (2008). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody [online]. Downloaded 30 November 2018 from https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/sp2008/papers/sp08_543
Cruttenden, A. (1986). Intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Elordieta, G. – Frota, S. & Vigário, M. (2005). Subjects, objects and intonational phrasing in Spanish and Portuguese. Studia Linguistica, 59(2/3), 110-143.
Godjevac, S. (2000). Intonation, Word Order and Focus Projection in Serbo-Croatian (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA.
Godjevac, S. (2005). Transcribing Serbo-Croatian intonation. In: Jun, S.-A. (ed.) (2006). Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 146-171.
Goldman-Eisler, F. (1961). The significance of changes in the rate of articulation. Language and Speech, 4(4), 171–174.
Horne, M. – Strangert, E. & Heldner, M. (1995). Prosodic boundary strength in Swedish: Final lengthening and silent interval duration. In: Kjell, E. & Branderud, P. (eds.) (1995). Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology. 170-173.
Inkelas, S. – Zec, D. (1993). Auxiliary reduction without empty categories: a prosodic account. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 8, 205-253.
Ivić, P. – Lehiste, I. (1996). Prozodija reči i rečenice u srpskohrvatskom jeziku. Novi Sad: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića. (published in Cyrillic)
Klatt, D. H. (1975). Vowel lengthening is syntactically determined in a connected discourse. Journal of Phonetics, 3, 129-140.
Klatt, D. H. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: Acoustic and perceptual evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59, 1208-1221.
Kohler, K. J. (1983). Prosodic boundary signals in German. Phonetica, 40, 89-134.
Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maddieson, I. (1984). Phonetic cues to syllabification. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 59, 85-101.
Marković, M. – Milićev, T. (2012). Clitic placement and the properties of the Intonational Phrase in Serbian. In: Halupka-Rešetar, S.-Marković, M.- Milićev, T. & Milićević, N. (eds.) (2012). Selected papers from the 3rd International Conference on Syntax, Phonology and Language Analysis (SinFonIJA 3). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholar Publishing. 175-205.
Nespor, M. – Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic Phonology. Foris: Dordrecht.
Oller, D. K. (1973). The effect of position in utterance on speech segment duration in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 1235-1247.
Selkirk, E. (1984). Phonology and syntax: The relation between sound and structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Selkirk, E. (1986). On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology. Phonology Yearbook, 3, 371-405.
Selkirk, E. (1996). The prosodic Structure of Function Words. In: Demuth, K. & Morgan, J. L. (eds.) (1996). Signal to Syntax: Bootstrapping from Speech to Grammar in Early Acquisition. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 187-213.
Selkirk, E. (2005). Comments on the Intonational Phrasing in English. In: Frota, S, Vigário, M. & Freitas, M. J. (eds.) (2005). Prosodies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 11-58.
Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. – Alice Turk, A. (1998). The domain of phrase-final lengthening in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102(2), 1235-1236.
Shepherd, M. A. (2008). The scope and effects of preboundary prosodic lengthening in Japanese. USC Working Papers in Linguistics, 4, 1-14.
Sovilj-Nikić, S. (2007). Trajanje vokala kao jedan od prozodijskih elemenata u sintezi govora na srpskom jeziku (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad.
Sredojević, D. (2011). Eksperimentalno-fonetsko ispitivanje prozodijskih karakteristika novosadskog govora (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad. (published in Cyrillic)
Turk, A. – Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. (2007). Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English Words. Journal of Phonetics, 35, 445-472.
Volskaya, N. – Stepanova, S. (2004). On the temporal component of intonational phrasing. In: Speech Informatics Group of SPIIRAS (eds.) (2004). Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech and Computer (SPECOM 2004). Saint Petersburg: House Anatolya. 641-644.
Wang, M. Q. – Julia Hirschberg, J. (1992). Automatic Classification of Intonational Phrase Boundaries. Computer Speech and Language, 6, 175-196.
Wightman, C.–Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.–Ostendorf, M. & Price, P. (1992). Segmental durations in the vicinity of prosodic phrase boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 1707-1717.
Zec, D. (2002). On the Prosodic Status of Function Words. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 14, 207-249.
Berkovitz, R. (1994). Durational effects in final lengthening, gapping and contrastive stress. Language and speech, 37(3), 237-250.
Boersma, P. – Weenink, D. (2019). Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 6.0.52). Downloaded 2 May 2019 from http://www.praat.org
Byrd, D. – Saltzman, E. (2003). The elastic phrase: Modeling the dynamics of boundary-adjacent lengthening. Journal of Phonetics, 31, 149-180.
Cambier-Langeveld, T. – Nespor, M. & van Heuven, V. J. (1997). The domain of final lengthening in the production of Dutch. In: Coerts, J. A. & de Hoop, H. (eds.) (1997). Linguistics in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 13-24.
Campione, E. – Véronis, J. (2002). A Large-Scale Multilingual Study of Silent Pause Duration. In: Bel, B & Marlien, I. (eds.) (2002). Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002 conference. Aix-en-Provence: Laboratoire Parole et Langage. 192-202.
Chen, M. (1970). Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica, 22, 129-159.
Chow, I. (2008). Quantitative analysis of pre-boundary lengthening in Cantonese. In: Barbosa, P. A.-Madureira, S. & Reis, C. (eds.) (2008). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody [online]. Downloaded 30 November 2018 from https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/sp2008/papers/sp08_543
Cruttenden, A. (1986). Intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Elordieta, G. – Frota, S. & Vigário, M. (2005). Subjects, objects and intonational phrasing in Spanish and Portuguese. Studia Linguistica, 59(2/3), 110-143.
Godjevac, S. (2000). Intonation, Word Order and Focus Projection in Serbo-Croatian (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA.
Godjevac, S. (2005). Transcribing Serbo-Croatian intonation. In: Jun, S.-A. (ed.) (2006). Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 146-171.
Goldman-Eisler, F. (1961). The significance of changes in the rate of articulation. Language and Speech, 4(4), 171–174.
Horne, M. – Strangert, E. & Heldner, M. (1995). Prosodic boundary strength in Swedish: Final lengthening and silent interval duration. In: Kjell, E. & Branderud, P. (eds.) (1995). Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology. 170-173.
Inkelas, S. – Zec, D. (1993). Auxiliary reduction without empty categories: a prosodic account. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 8, 205-253.
Ivić, P. – Lehiste, I. (1996). Prozodija reči i rečenice u srpskohrvatskom jeziku. Novi Sad: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića. (published in Cyrillic)
Klatt, D. H. (1975). Vowel lengthening is syntactically determined in a connected discourse. Journal of Phonetics, 3, 129-140.
Klatt, D. H. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: Acoustic and perceptual evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59, 1208-1221.
Kohler, K. J. (1983). Prosodic boundary signals in German. Phonetica, 40, 89-134.
Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maddieson, I. (1984). Phonetic cues to syllabification. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 59, 85-101.
Marković, M. – Milićev, T. (2012). Clitic placement and the properties of the Intonational Phrase in Serbian. In: Halupka-Rešetar, S.-Marković, M.- Milićev, T. & Milićević, N. (eds.) (2012). Selected papers from the 3rd International Conference on Syntax, Phonology and Language Analysis (SinFonIJA 3). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholar Publishing. 175-205.
Nespor, M. – Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic Phonology. Foris: Dordrecht.
Oller, D. K. (1973). The effect of position in utterance on speech segment duration in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 1235-1247.
Selkirk, E. (1984). Phonology and syntax: The relation between sound and structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Selkirk, E. (1986). On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology. Phonology Yearbook, 3, 371-405.
Selkirk, E. (1996). The prosodic Structure of Function Words. In: Demuth, K. & Morgan, J. L. (eds.) (1996). Signal to Syntax: Bootstrapping from Speech to Grammar in Early Acquisition. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 187-213.
Selkirk, E. (2005). Comments on the Intonational Phrasing in English. In: Frota, S, Vigário, M. & Freitas, M. J. (eds.) (2005). Prosodies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 11-58.
Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. – Alice Turk, A. (1998). The domain of phrase-final lengthening in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102(2), 1235-1236.
Shepherd, M. A. (2008). The scope and effects of preboundary prosodic lengthening in Japanese. USC Working Papers in Linguistics, 4, 1-14.
Sovilj-Nikić, S. (2007). Trajanje vokala kao jedan od prozodijskih elemenata u sintezi govora na srpskom jeziku (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad.
Sredojević, D. (2011). Eksperimentalno-fonetsko ispitivanje prozodijskih karakteristika novosadskog govora (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad. (published in Cyrillic)
Turk, A. – Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. (2007). Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English Words. Journal of Phonetics, 35, 445-472.
Volskaya, N. – Stepanova, S. (2004). On the temporal component of intonational phrasing. In: Speech Informatics Group of SPIIRAS (eds.) (2004). Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech and Computer (SPECOM 2004). Saint Petersburg: House Anatolya. 641-644.
Wang, M. Q. – Julia Hirschberg, J. (1992). Automatic Classification of Intonational Phrase Boundaries. Computer Speech and Language, 6, 175-196.
Wightman, C.–Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.–Ostendorf, M. & Price, P. (1992). Segmental durations in the vicinity of prosodic phrase boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 1707-1717.
Zec, D. (2002). On the Prosodic Status of Function Words. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 14, 207-249.