SEX DIFFERENCES IN COPPING STRATEGIES AMONG MARITAL PARTNERS IN SERBIA
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Published:
Jan 15, 2018
Keywords:
sex differences, coping strategies, coping styles, married couples, Brief COPE scale
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Abstract
Different factors have an influence on which coping strategies are used under different conditions, among others, sex. Sex differences are consistently reported in the coping literatures, but in our country little attention has been given to examining possible distinctions in coping strategies, especially in marital context, so the purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in coping strategies among marital partners. Data were collected among 446 married couples between 17 and 81 years old (M = 40,85, SD = 11,48) with different sociodemographic characteristics (education, employment and socioeconomic status), which are living together between 11 months and 57 years (M = 14.15, SD = 11.79). Participants responded to a coping questionnaire (Brief COPE scale, Carver, 1997) with the 14 subscales: selfdistraction, active coping, denial, substance use, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, behavioural disengagement, venting, positive reframing, planning, humour, acceptance, religion and self-blame. To assess sex differences across aforementioned coping strategies, one-way MANOVA was performed. Results indicated that women used the strategies of selfdistraction, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, venting, planning and religion to a greater degree than their partners, but this differences have small effects. Obtained results are consistent with the results of recent studies which are suggesting decrease in gender differences, and emphasize the role of social changes and context in the choice of coping strategies. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the obtained results suggest that women use both emotion-focused strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies as frequently as man. Explanations of these findings could potentially be found in the very nature of the sample and the consideration of the situational hypothesis, as well as in the variety of strategies that are considered as emotion-focused strategies. In addition to theoretical, the results of the conducted study have also some practical implications. Because coping strategies in many studies have been identified as predictors of general marital functioning, the examination of various aspects of this construct is extremely important for understanding the marital dynamics and characteristics of a relationship. Since this research identifies both similarities and differences in the frequency of using certain coping strategies, potential sex differences should be considered before planning any intervention or treatment focused on coping with stress, at both the individual and the couple level.
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Шакотић-Курбалија, Ј. М., & Трифуновић, Б. (2018). SEX DIFFERENCES IN COPPING STRATEGIES AMONG MARITAL PARTNERS IN SERBIA. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY, 42(2), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.19090/gff.2017.2.361-378
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Психологија
References
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Belsky, J., Lang, M. E., & Rovine, M. (1985). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood: A second study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 855-865.
Belsky, J., & Pensky, E. (1988). Marital change across the transition to parenthood. Marriage & Family Review, 12, 133-156.
Belsky, J., Spanier, G. B., & Rovine, M. (1983). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 567-577.
Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1981). The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of behavioral medicine, 4, 139-157.
Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Wethington, E. (1989). The contagion of stress across multiple roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 175-183.
Bouchard, G., Sabourin, S., Lussier, Y., Wright, J., & Richer, C. (1998). Predictive validity of coping strategies on marital satisfaction: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 112-131.
Burda Jr, P. C., Vaux, A., & Schill, T. (1984). Social support resources: Variation across sex and sex role. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 119-126.
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Heaton, T. B., & Blake, A. M. (1999). Gender differences in determinants of marital disruption. Journal of Family Issues, 20, 25-45.
Hibbard, J. H., & Pope, C. R. (1993). Health effects of discontinuities in female employment and marital status. Social Science & Medicine, 36, 1099-1104.
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Matud, M. P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality and individual differences, 37, 1401-1415.
Mihić, I., i Zotović, M. (Ur.) (2011). Porodične i profesionalne uloge: značaj zaposlenja za porodično funkcionisanje. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet, Odsek za psihologiju.
Mihić, I., Zotović, M., i Petrović, J. (2006). Sociodemografske karakteristike porodice,podela posla u kući i vaspitni stilovi roditelja u porodicama na teoritoriji Vojvodine. Pedagoška stvarnost, 1-2, 118-134.
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Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and rewards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults' lives. Journal of marriage and family, 65, 356-374.
Papp, L. M., & Witt, N. L. (2010). Romantic partners' individual coping strategies and dyadic coping: implications for relationship functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 551-559.
Petrović, J. (2007). Odnosi u porodicama u Vojvodini: podela uloga, vaspitno ponašanje roditelja i porodična klima. U M. Zotović (Ur.), Porodice u Vojvodini: karakteristike i funkcionalnost. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
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Šakotić-Kurbalija, J. (2016). Bračni odnosi u Srbiji: povezanost kvaliteta, potencijala za razvod i spremnosti za traženje psihološke pomoći. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., i Kukulj, N. (2016). Povezanost kvaliteta bračnog odnosa i potencijala za razvod sa podelom odgovornosti među partnerima. Šesti kongres psihoterapeuta Srbije: Društvo i psihoterapija. Beograd: 20.10 –23. 10. 2016. Savez društava psihoterapeuta Srbije, Zbornik rezimea na CD-u, 20.
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Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Šanta, I., i Kurbalija, D. (2016). Povezanost strategija suočavanja sa stresom i namere traženja profesionalne psihološke pomoći. Psihijatrija danas, 48.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Trifunović, B. i Zotović, M. (2016). Predikcija namere žena u Srbiji da traže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć. Godišnjak Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, 349-365.
Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and individual differences, 32, 15-25.
Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94, 168-197.
Schumm, W. R., Resnick, G., Bollman, S. R., & Jurich, A. P. (1998). Gender effects and marital satisfaction: A brief report from a sample of dual military couples from the 1992 Department of Defense Worldwide Survey of Members and Spouses. Psychological reports, 82, 161-162.
Shek, D. T. (1995). Gender differences in marital quality and well-being in Chinese married adults. Sex Roles, 32, 699-715.
Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1984). New measure of daily coping: Development and preliminary results. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46, 892-906.
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. In C. Woods (Ed.), Using multivariate statistics (pp. 375–440). New York: HarperCollins.
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and social psychology review, 6, 2-30.
Taylor, S., Bennett, F. & Sung, S. (2010). Unequal but „fair”? Housework and child care in a sample of low to moderate income British couples. Barnett Papers in Social Research 2010-4. Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford.
Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work, and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family,51, 845-871.
Vannoy, D., & Cubbins, L. A. (2001). Relative socioeconomic status of spouses, gender attitudes, and attributes, and marital quality experienced by couples in metropolitan Moscow. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32, 195-217.
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Amato, P. R., & Rogers, S. J. (1997). A longitudinal study of marital problems and subsequent divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 612-624.
Ballard-Reisch, D. S., & Weigel, D. J. (1999). Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability. Springer US.
Barnett, R. C. (2004). Women and multiple roles: Myths and reality. Harvard review of psychiatry, 12, 158-164.
Belsky, J., Lang, M. E., & Rovine, M. (1985). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood: A second study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 855-865.
Belsky, J., & Pensky, E. (1988). Marital change across the transition to parenthood. Marriage & Family Review, 12, 133-156.
Belsky, J., Spanier, G. B., & Rovine, M. (1983). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 567-577.
Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1981). The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of behavioral medicine, 4, 139-157.
Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Wethington, E. (1989). The contagion of stress across multiple roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 175-183.
Bouchard, G., Sabourin, S., Lussier, Y., Wright, J., & Richer, C. (1998). Predictive validity of coping strategies on marital satisfaction: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 112-131.
Burda Jr, P. C., Vaux, A., & Schill, T. (1984). Social support resources: Variation across sex and sex role. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 119-126.
Carver, C. S. (1997). You Want to Measure Coping But Your Protocol's Too Long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbauni Associates.
Conger, R. D., Lorenz, F. O., Elder, G. H., Jr., Simons, R. L., & Ge, X. (1993). Husband and wife differences in response to undesirable life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 71-88.
Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: a meta-analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 93, 1080-1118.
Cooper, C. L., & Quick, J. C. (Eds.). (2017). The Handbook of Stress and Health: A Guide to Research and Practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Eaton, R. J., & Bradley, G. (2008). The role of gender and negative affectivity in stressor appraisal and coping selection. International Journal of Stress Management, 15, 94-115.
Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. In G. Hanchock & R. Mueller (Eds.), Structural Equation Modeling: A second course (pp. 269−314). New York: Information Age Publishing, Inc.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of health and social behavior, 21, 219-239.
Fowers, B. J. (1991). His and her marriage: A multivariate study of gender and marital satisfaction. Sex Roles, 24, 209-221.
Gallo, L. C., Troxel, W. M., Matthews, K. A., & Kuller, L. H. (2003). Marital status and quality in middle-aged women: Associations with levels and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors. Health Psychology, 22, 453-463.
Hamilton, S., & Fagot, B. I. (1988). Chronic stress and coping styles: A comparison of male and female undergraduates. Journal of personality and social psychology, 55, 819-823.
Heaney, C. A., & Israel, B. A. (2008). Social networks and social support. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice, 4, 189-210.
Heaton, T. B., & Blake, A. M. (1999). Gender differences in determinants of marital disruption. Journal of Family Issues, 20, 25-45.
Hibbard, J. H., & Pope, C. R. (1993). Health effects of discontinuities in female employment and marital status. Social Science & Medicine, 36, 1099-1104.
Hobfoll, S. E., Dunahoo, C. L., Ben-Porath, Y., & Monnier, J. (1994). Gender and coping: The dual‐axis model of coping. American journal of community psychology, 22, 49-82.
Huić, A., Kamenov, Ž., Jelić, M., Mihić, I., i Mihić, V. (2013). Slobodno vrijeme i zadovoljstvo brakom u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji - rodne i generacijske razlike. U I. Jerković, i Ž. Kamenov (Ur.), Vrednosti, stavovi i uloge: trangeneracijska perspektiva (str. 73-96). Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
Ilić, Lj. (2011). Rodne razlike u izražavanju ljubavi: Efekti na zadovoljstvo brakom (Master rad). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad.
Jaramaz, O. (2010). Karakteristike i funkcionalnost bračnih relacija u Vojvodini. (Diplomski rad). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad.
Kitamura, T., Aoki, M., Fujino, M., Ura, C., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, K., & Fujihara, S. (1998). Sex differences in marital and social adjustment. The Journal of social psychology, 138, 26-32.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 150-170.
Loewenthal, K. M., MacLeod, A. K., & Cinnirella, M. (2002). Are women more religious than men? Gender differences in religious activity among different religious groups in the UK. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 133-139
Maddock, J., Hogan, M., Antonov, A., & Mastkovsky, M. (1994). Families Before and After Perestroika. New York: Guilford Press.
Matud, M. P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality and individual differences, 37, 1401-1415.
Mihić, I., i Zotović, M. (Ur.) (2011). Porodične i profesionalne uloge: značaj zaposlenja za porodično funkcionisanje. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet, Odsek za psihologiju.
Mihić, I., Zotović, M., i Petrović, J. (2006). Sociodemografske karakteristike porodice,podela posla u kući i vaspitni stilovi roditelja u porodicama na teoritoriji Vojvodine. Pedagoška stvarnost, 1-2, 118-134.
Nam, S. K., Chu, H. J., Lee, M. K., Lee, J. H., Kim, N., & Lee, S. M. (2010). A meta-analysis of gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Journal of American College Health, 59, 110-116.
Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and rewards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults' lives. Journal of marriage and family, 65, 356-374.
Papp, L. M., & Witt, N. L. (2010). Romantic partners' individual coping strategies and dyadic coping: implications for relationship functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 551-559.
Petrović, J. (2007). Odnosi u porodicama u Vojvodini: podela uloga, vaspitno ponašanje roditelja i porodična klima. U M. Zotović (Ur.), Porodice u Vojvodini: karakteristike i funkcionalnost. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
Petrović, J., Mihić, I., Zotović, M., & Kapor-Stanulović, N. (2009). Family roles of father and mother in the families in the process of transition. Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, 31-45.
Ragsdale, J. D. (1996). Gender, satisfaction level, and the use of relational maintenance strategies in marriage. Communications Monographs, 63, 354-369.
Rosario, M., Shinn, M., Morch, H., & Huckabee, C. B. (1988). Gender differences in coping and social supports: Testing socialization and role constraint theories. Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 55-69.
Rosnati, R., & Ranieri, S. (2000). Marital relationship in young families: a cross-sectional study. Ricerche di psicologia, 24, 39-56.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J. (2011). Karakteristike bračnog odnosa i traženje psihološke pomoći (Doktorska disertacija). Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J. (2016). Bračni odnosi u Srbiji: povezanost kvaliteta, potencijala za razvod i spremnosti za traženje psihološke pomoći. Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., i Kukulj, N. (2016). Povezanost kvaliteta bračnog odnosa i potencijala za razvod sa podelom odgovornosti među partnerima. Šesti kongres psihoterapeuta Srbije: Društvo i psihoterapija. Beograd: 20.10 –23. 10. 2016. Savez društava psihoterapeuta Srbije, Zbornik rezimea na CD-u, 20.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Kurbalija D. (2015). Kvalitet bračnih odnosa u Srbiji iz ženskog i muškog ugla. Peti kongres psihoterapeuta Srbije: Ljubav i psihoterapija. Beograd: 22.10 –25. 10. 2015. Savez društava psihoterapeuta Srbije, Zbornik rezimea na CD-u, 134.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Kurbalija D., i Kapetan, A. (2016). Razlike između muškaraca i žena u predikciji potencijala za razvod na osnovu bračnog kvaliteta. Šesti kongres psihoterapeuta Srbije: Društvo i psihoterapija. Beograd: 20.10 –23. 10. 2016. Savez društava psihoterapeuta Srbije, Zbornik rezimea na CD-u, 21-22.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Šanta, I., i Kurbalija, D. (2016). Povezanost strategija suočavanja sa stresom i namere traženja profesionalne psihološke pomoći. Psihijatrija danas, 48.
Šakotić-Kurbalija, J., Trifunović, B. i Zotović, M. (2016). Predikcija namere žena u Srbiji da traže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć. Godišnjak Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, 349-365.
Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and individual differences, 32, 15-25.
Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94, 168-197.
Schumm, W. R., Resnick, G., Bollman, S. R., & Jurich, A. P. (1998). Gender effects and marital satisfaction: A brief report from a sample of dual military couples from the 1992 Department of Defense Worldwide Survey of Members and Spouses. Psychological reports, 82, 161-162.
Shek, D. T. (1995). Gender differences in marital quality and well-being in Chinese married adults. Sex Roles, 32, 699-715.
Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1984). New measure of daily coping: Development and preliminary results. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46, 892-906.
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. In C. Woods (Ed.), Using multivariate statistics (pp. 375–440). New York: HarperCollins.
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and social psychology review, 6, 2-30.
Taylor, S., Bennett, F. & Sung, S. (2010). Unequal but „fair”? Housework and child care in a sample of low to moderate income British couples. Barnett Papers in Social Research 2010-4. Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford.
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